273 lines
9.9 KiB
Markdown
273 lines
9.9 KiB
Markdown
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# TurboCobalt
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> **High-Performance Desktop Multi-Tool for Software Developers**
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📘 **Project Specifications**
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**Version:** 1.0
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**Core System:** STM32G491 (Arm Cortex-M4F @ 170MHz)
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**Operating System:** FreeRTOS
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**Development Status:** Design Phase
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**Target Market:** Professional Software Development Tools
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## Table of Contents
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- [1. Concept Overview](#1-concept-overview)
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- [2. System Architecture](#2-system-architecture)
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- [3. Component Selection & Rationale](#3-component-selection--rationale)
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- [4. Bill of Materials (BOM)](#4-bill-of-materials-bom)
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- [5. Hardware Architecture](#5-hardware-architecture)
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- [6. Software Architecture (FreeRTOS Tasks)](#6-software-architecture-freertos-tasks)
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- [7. Operational Modes](#7-operational-modes)
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- [8. System Data Flow Summary](#8-system-data-flow-summary)
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- [9. Technical Specifications](#9-technical-specifications)
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---
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## 💡 1. Concept Overview
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TurboCobalt is a high-end desktop multi-tool designed for software developers. It merges retro-analog aesthetics with modern digital power to provide:
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- **Analog Monitoring:** PC resource tracking (CPU/RAM) via physical galvanometers
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- **Audio Synthesis:** 2 channel sound engine via I2S protocol
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- **Interactive Interface:** Graphical LCD and rotary encoder for system navigation
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- **Industrial Gateway:** USB bridge to fieldbus protocols (CAN-FD, Modbus/RS485)
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### Key Design Principles
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- **Real-Time Performance:** FreeRTOS ensures deterministic response times
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- **Professional Grade:** Industrial-standard communication protocols
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- **Developer Focused:** Productivity tools integrated into hardware
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- **Extensible Architecture:** Modular design for future enhancements
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---
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## 🏗️ 2. System Architecture
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```mermaid
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graph TB
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PC[PC/Host Computer] --> USB[USB-C]
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USB --> MCU[STM32G491<br/>ARM Cortex-M4F]
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subgraph MEM ["Memory Subsystem"]
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EEPROM[24LC512<br/>64KB EEPROM]
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PSRAM[APS1604M<br/>16MB PSRAM]
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RTC[DS3231<br/>RTC + Battery]
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end
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subgraph ANALOG ["Analog Monitoring"]
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PWM1[PWM + Filter] --> GAL1[CPU Meter<br/>SO-45]
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PWM2[PWM + Filter] --> GAL2[RAM Meter<br/>SO-45]
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end
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subgraph AUDIO ["Audio Chain"]
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I2S[I2S Interface] --> DAC[PCM5102<br/>Audio DAC] --> OUT[🎵 Audio Out]
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end
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subgraph UI ["User Interface"]
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LCD[128x64 Display<br/>NHD-C12864LZ]
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ENC[Rotary Encoder<br/>+ Button]
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end
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subgraph FIELDBUS ["Industrial I/O"]
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CAN_TX[TJA1050] --> CAN_BUS[CAN-FD Bus]
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RS485_TX[MAX485] --> MODBUS[Modbus RS485]
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end
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subgraph PWR ["Power"]
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POWER[USB 5V] --> LDO[3.3V Regulator]
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end
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MCU -.-> MEM
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MCU --> ANALOG
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MCU --> AUDIO
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MCU --> UI
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MCU --> FIELDBUS
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LDO --> MCU
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```
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---
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## 🔧 3. Component Selection & Rationale
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### Primary MCU: STM32G491
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**Selection Criteria Met:**
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- **Performance:** 170MHz ARM Cortex-M4F with DSP instructions
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- **Audio Processing:** Hardware CORDIC accelerator for real-time synthesis
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- **Connectivity:** Integrated CAN-FD controller eliminates external chips
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- **Memory:** 128KB SRAM sufficient for FreeRTOS + audio buffers
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- **Package:** LQFP-80 provides adequate I/O for all peripherals
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**Key Advantages:**
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- Mathematical accelerator reduces CPU load for audio algorithms
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- Advanced timer units enable precise PWM generation for galvanometers
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- Fast ADC enables potential future analog input expansion
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### Memory Subsystem
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| Component | Part Number | Capacity | Interface | Purpose | Rationale |
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|-----------|-------------|----------|-----------|----------|-----------|
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| EEPROM | 24LC512 | 64KB | I2C | Config Storage | Non-volatile, reliable for settings |
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| PSRAM | APS1604M | 16MB | SPI/QPI | Audio Buffer & Samples | Premium capacity, 144MHz, future-proof |
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### 📊 **PSRAM Capacity Analysis**
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**Calculated Requirements:**
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- **Audio Buffers (48kHz, 24-bit, 2ch):** ~200KB (multiple buffers + safety margin)
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- **Sample Storage:** ~10-15MB (extensive soundbanks, high-quality samples, user recordings)
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- **Communication Buffers:** ~50KB (USB, CAN-FD, Modbus queues)
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- **UI Graphics Buffer:** ~50KB (advanced display cache, animations, menus)
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- **System Overhead:** ~200KB (FreeRTOS heap extension)
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**APS1604M 16MB PSRAM**
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- **Studio-Grade Capacity:** 1000+ high-quality samples (24-bit, 48kHz)
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- **Multi-Project Storage:** Multiple soundbanks and user configurations
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- **Advanced Features:** Real-time convolution, complex synthesis algorithms
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- **Recording Capability:** Store user recordings directly to PSRAM
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- **Performance:** 144MHz clock - fastest available option
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- **Future-Proof:** Extensive room for firmware expansion
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### Audio Chain
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**DAC Selection: PCM5102**
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- 24-bit resolution, 192kHz sampling rate
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- I2S interface directly compatible with STM32
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- Low THD+N: 0.0008% typical
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- Self-clocking eliminates need for external crystal
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### Analog Indicators
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**Galvanometer Choice: SO-45 Series**
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- Vintage aesthetic with modern reliability
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- Fast response time (<200ms full scale)
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- Linear voltage-to-deflection characteristics
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- Standard 0-5V input range matches PWM filtering
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---
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## 🛠️ 4. Bill of Materials (BOM)
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### Core Components
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| Category | Component | Part Number | Specs | Rationale |
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|----------|-----------|-------------|-------|------------|
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| **MCU** | Microcontroller | STM32G491RET6 | 170MHz ARM-M4F, 512KB Flash | CORDIC accelerator + CAN-FD integrated |
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| **Memory** | PSRAM | APS1604M-3SQR | 16MB, 144MHz SPI/QPI | Premium audio capacity + performance |
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| **Memory** | EEPROM | 24LC512-I/P | 64KB I2C | Non-volatile config storage |
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| **RTC** | Real-Time Clock | DS3231SN | ±2ppm, I2C, Battery backup | Precision timekeeping |
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| **Audio** | DAC | PCM5102A | 24-bit, 192kHz I2S | Studio-grade audio quality |
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| **Display** | LCD | NHD-C12864LZ | 128x64, SPI | Professional readability |
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| **Analog** | Galvanometer (x2) | SO-45 | 0-5V, <200ms response | Vintage aesthetic + reliability |
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| **CAN** | Transceiver | TJA1050T | CAN-FD compatible | Industrial fieldbus standard |
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| **RS485** | Transceiver | MAX485CSA | Full-duplex RS485 | Modbus communication |
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### Technology Choices Summary
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**🎯 Key Design Decisions:**
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- **STM32G491:** Best-in-class for audio (CORDIC) + industrial connectivity (CAN-FD)
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- **16MB PSRAM:** Premium capacity enabling studio-grade sample storage
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- **PCM5102:** Professional DAC with excellent THD+N performance
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- **SO-45 Galvanometers:** Authentic retro aesthetic with modern reliability
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- **I2S Audio Chain:** Eliminates noise, ensures digital precision to DAC
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- **SPI/QPI Memory:** High-speed access for real-time audio processing
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---
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## ⚡ 5. Hardware Architecture
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### 🖥️ Processing & Memory
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- **MCU:** STM32G491 (High-performance, CORDIC math accelerator for audio, integrated FDCAN)
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- **EEPROM (I2C):** 24LC512 (64 KB) for presets, logs, and persistent configuration storage
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- **PSRAM (SPI/QPI):** APS1604M (16MB) for extensive audio sample storage and real-time processing
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- **RTC:** DS3231 for precise alarm and clock functions
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### 🔌 Connectivity & I/O
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- **USB:** Main USB-C interface supporting Composite Device Classes: CDC (Data) and HID (Keyboard/Control)
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- **Audio:** I2S bus connected to an external DAC (e.g., PCM5102)
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- **Display:** Newhaven NHD-C12864LZ (128x64 pixels) via high-speed SPI
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- **Indicators:** 2x SO-45 Galvanometers driven by filtered PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) outputs
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### Fieldbus Ports
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- **CAN-FD Port:** Dedicated connector via TJA1050 (or equivalent) transceiver
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- **RS485/Modbus Port:** Dedicated connector via MAX485 (or equivalent) transceiver
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---
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## 💻 6. Software Architecture (FreeRTOS Tasks)
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The FreeRTOS implementation ensures low-latency audio processing and responsive UI handling by isolating critical tasks.
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| Task Name | Priority | Description |
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|-----------|----------|-------------|
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| Task_Audio | 1 (Critical) | Signal synthesis and I2S DMA buffer management |
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| Task_USB_Comm | 2 (High) | USB stack management, receiving PC stats and HID commands |
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| Task_Gateway | 3 (Medium) | Packet routing between USB and CAN/Modbus interfaces |
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| Task_UI | 4 (Medium) | NHD display refresh and rotary encoder debouncing/logic |
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| Task_Sensors | 5 (Low) | Periodic RTC, Temperature, and EEPROM housekeeping |
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---
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## ⚙️ 7. Operational Modes
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- **Studio Mode:** Operates as a standalone synthesizer or MIDI controller
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- **Monitor Mode:** Visualizes real-time dev-machine performance (CPU/RAM load)
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- **Gateway Mode:** Acts as a transparent bridge between the PC and industrial buses (CAN/Modbus)
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- **Dev-Tool Mode:** Physical password vault (HID injection) and Pomodoro productivity timer
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---
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## 🔄 8. System Data Flow Summary
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### Primary Data Paths
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- **PC → USB:** Streams CPU/RAM utilization data to the MCU
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- **STM32 → PWM:** Maps data to voltage levels to move the SO-45 needles
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- **STM32 → I2S:** Outputs real-time generated waveforms to the audio DAC
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- **External Bus ↔ STM32 ↔ USB:** Bi-directional data transit for CAN/Modbus debugging
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### Performance Metrics
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- **USB Latency:** <1ms for HID commands
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- **Audio Latency:** <5ms buffer (configurable)
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- **Galvanometer Update Rate:** 60Hz
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- **Display Refresh Rate:** 30Hz
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- **CAN/Modbus Throughput:** Up to 1Mbps (CAN-FD), 115.2kbps (RS485)
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---
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## 📋 9. Technical Specifications
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### Power Requirements
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- **Input:** USB-C 5V, 500mA maximum
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- **Consumption:**
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- Idle: ~150mA @ 5V
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- Active Audio: ~300mA @ 5V
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- Peak (All peripherals): ~450mA @ 5V
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### Environmental Specifications
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- **Operating Temperature:** 0°C to +70°C
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- **Storage Temperature:** -40°C to +85°C
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- **Humidity:** 10-90% RH, non-condensing
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- **Dimensions:** TBD (Desktop form factor)
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### Compliance & Standards
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- **USB:** USB 2.0 Full Speed compliant
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- **CAN:** ISO 11898-1 (CAN-FD)
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- **RS485:** TIA/EIA-485-A
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- **EMC:** Designed for CE marking compliance
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- **Safety:** Low voltage, USB powered design
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### Development Tools
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- **RTOS:** FreeRTOS v10.x
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- **HAL:** STM32 HAL Driver
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- **Debug:** SWD interface with ST-Link
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- **Version Control:** Git-based workflow |